古希腊、罗马时代的大型建筑是否曾经普遍用颜料上色？如果有，现代是否有过复原的尝试？ 第1页

首先向题主 @Erzherzog 道个歉，时隔几个月才来回答

先说结论，有上色，而且专门有个词汇叫Polychrome用来形容给建筑物的装饰上色这种行为。但不是像巴比伦的伊什塔尔城门那样的表面全上色，而主要是在建筑顶端的外侧雕带的浮雕上色，以及部分墙面和柱子的两端的花纹上涂以颜色。

一个比较典型的例子就是希腊埃伊娜岛的阿法埃娅神庙（根据08年的考古记录，神庙建造时间应该不早于470BC）底下挖掘出的前面一座神庙的废墟，由于埋在地下，许多部分仍保存完好，方便了后人的复原。现在有各个时期的还原图

这几个是19世纪中期做出的还原图，门顶的三角饰以特洛伊战争为主题

这个是1906年作出的复原

一些复原的细节和考据

古时在大理石建筑上通常用以红、白、蓝三色，偶尔也有用上黄色和黑色。虽然在现在看来，这些用色过于艳俗，但首先要考虑到的是这些颜色的作用不仅仅是用于美化雕塑和装饰。除去当时的美术技术限制，这些建筑的饰带往往位于离地面几十米的距离，从地上往上看去，若是纯白色或是其他淡色很难看清高高在上的雕像和装饰，更不要提当举行各类祭祀典礼活动时，挤在熙熙攘攘的人群中，距离神庙数十米开外，还想要看清神庙的观众了。用鲜艳的颜色装饰雕像，也能方便人群从地面上观察这些装饰。

P.S.： 二爷发了一些关于雕像上色还原的图片，但目前貌似有几种上色的说法，一种是二爷发的包括面部也涂上肉色、瞳孔眼白都上色的方式：

比如这个特洛伊人弓箭手的雕像，就在上面的阿法埃娅神庙三角饰上

还有一种就是面部的颜色中不涂皮肤，只用一种颜色装饰头发、眉毛、瞳孔和嘴唇：

斯芬克斯像

奥古斯都像

这个于雅典出土的《穿披肩的少女》（Peplos Kore）就体现除了两种不同的色彩还原方案

参考来源：

Nenova, Stella. “ Greeks and Romans in Colors.” Ancient World Alive, Ancient World Alive, 23 June 2015, http://www.ancientworldalive.com/single-post/2015/06/23/Greeks-and-Romans-in-colors.

“Temple of Aphaia, Aegina View from E/ Detail of Entrance Ramp and Colonnade/ Detail SE Corner/ Detail E. SideReconstructionsSE Corner Detail (1846) SE Corner/ 2003 (H.Bankel)/ Corner Detail (2003 H.Bankel)/ Corner Detail (2003 H.Bankel)/ E. Pediment Detail (2003 H.Bankel)/ Detail SE Corner (2003 H.Bankel)/ SE View of Cella (Bankel)/ East & West Pediments (19th C)/ East & West Pediments (1906)/ Temple of Aphaia:W Pediment & Details (Various) Ca. 500-480 BCE, Temple of Aphaia, Aegina Delphi: Site View from NW Site View/ Site View from NW. with Portion of the Sacred Way Delphi: Site View from NW.: Theatre of Apollo [Foreground], Mid-4th Century B.C.; Temple of Apollo [C.], Orig. Mid-6th Century B.C. (Rebuilt 366-326 B.C.) Temple of Apollo, Delphi View from NW/ View from NW Mid-6th Century B.C. (Alkmeionid E. Front, 513-505 B.C.; Rebuilt 366-326 B.C.) Temple of Apollo, Delphi Theatre of Apollo View from NW Mid-4th C BCE, Theater of Apollo, Delphi Treasury of the Athenians View from NE along Sacred Way/ View from SE/ View of Front Entrance Ca. 490-480 BCE, Treasury of the Athenians, Delphi Stadium above the Sanctuary of Apollo Detail View from E/ View from E 5th C BCE, Stadium above Sanctuary of Apollo, Delphi Sanctuary of Athena Pronaia: Tholos General View/ View from SE. in the Marmarium/ View from NW/ View from E/ View from E/ Site View from N/ View of Valley/ Ca. 380-350 BCE, Sanctuary of Athena Pronaia: Tholos, Delphi Theater at Epidaurus Overall View from E/ View of Orchestra/ Rows of Seating/ View towards Orchestra/ Overall View from SW/ Detail of Entrance/ 360-350 BCE, Theater at Epidaurus, by Polykleitos the Younger (?) Temple of Poseidon at Cape Sounion View from N/ View of Cape from E/ View of Temple from E/ View S Colonnade/ Detail of Portico/ View from S/ 494-444 BCE, Temple of Poseidon at Cape Sounion Back to Table of Contents.” Greek Architecture: Aegina, Delphi, Epidaurus & Sounion, Oberlin College, http://www2.oberlin.edu/staff/jromano/gaad.html.