“真核细胞中核糖体只存在于细胞质、内质网、线粒体和叶绿体”的说法是不对的,真核生物的核糖体可以出现在叶绿体以外的质体里,可以附着在核膜上,偶尔可以出现在高尔基体中,细胞核里还有新生的核糖体。
当然,提问者如果是要回答中学阶段的生物试题,就不能按实际情况来了。可以看看课本、参考书是怎么说的,问问老师应该怎么回答。哪怕出题人、阅卷人的许多细胞核里的核糖体正撅着屁股翻译 mRNA,他们就是敢说没这回事。
在特定状况下,细胞核中的核糖体可以用于蛋白质合成,尤其是在核仁。免疫细胞可能将细胞核内的翻译作为一种机制[1]。
可以看看核翻译相关的文献:
ALLFREY, V., MIRSKY, A. & OSAWA, S.
Protein Synthesis in Isolated Cell Nuclei.
Nature 176, 1042–1049 (1955).
https:// doi.org/10.1038/1761042 a0
Coupled Transcription and Translation Within Nuclei of Mammalian Cells
FRANCISCO J. IBORRADEAN A. JACKSONAND PETER R. COOKAuthors Info & Affiliations
SCIENCE. 21 Jun 2001. Vol 293, Issue 5532. pp. 1139-1142.
DOI: 10.1126/science.1061216
Nuclear translation of antigenic peptides
Sébastien Apcher, Guy Millot, Chrysoula Daskalogianni, Alexander Scherl, Bénédicte Manoury, Robin Fåhraeus
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Oct 2013, 110 (44) 17951-17956;
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1309956110
Rodrigo Prado Martins, Laurence Malbert-Colas, María José Lista, Chrysoula Daskalogianni, Sebastien Apcher, Marika Pla, Sarah Findakly, Marc Blondel, Robin Fåhraeus,
Nuclear processing of nascent transcripts determines synthesis of full-length proteins and antigenic peptides,
Nucleic Acids Research, Volume 47, Issue 6, 08 April 2019, Pages 3086–3100,
https:// doi.org/10.1093/nar/gky 1296