为什么读论文最好打印出来读？ 第1页

在纸介质上读取和在屏幕上读取的效果差异很早就被注意到^[1][2]，并且现在已经有大量且比较一致的研究结果^[3]：同样的材料，在纸介质上阅读比在屏幕上阅读能取得更好的效果，理解更深入，关键内容记住更多。总体上，纸介质的优势不大，但优势是稳定的(方差小)^[4]，而且阅读内容的复杂性越高，纸介质的优势越明显^[2].

这种差异小但稳定，在感知上也会有比较好的一致性，使得大部分读论文的人都认为阅读纸介质版比电子版跟更有助于记忆和理解^[5]，而且这种倾向性具有跨文化稳定性：

从阅读机制上看，在屏幕上阅读者对自己的阅读效果更自信，但是测试的阅读效果更差；对应地，在纸介质上阅读者对自己的阅读效果自信差一些，但阅读效果更好。这背后的原因可能在于纸介质阅读者可能在阅读过程中更多地会看过去读过的部分，更频繁地探索疑问部分的内容。如果屏幕阅读者被提醒没有很好的理解的话，比如经过频繁的中途测验、质问，这种不同介质的阅读效果的差异就会消失^[6]：

进一步的研究发现，当屏幕效果跟打印效果完全一致（呈现范围大，减少交互），纸张阅读的优势接近消失^[7]。而当屏幕效果跟打印效果差异越大（由于屏幕尺寸和分辨率限制，完整呈现一整张不影响阅读效果的A4纸论文页面很困难，这通常需要2K以上分辨率），读者所需要的交互越多，涉及上下滚动页面，翻页等等，读者的阅读被打断的频次越高。而纸张阅读者则很少受到这方面因素的打扰。由于交互导致的打断，屏幕阅读者更难以形成关于阅读内容的认知地图(Cognitive Map)^[8][9]：

也就是说，材料的呈现方式和材料的呈现载体尺寸是导致屏幕阅读和纸张阅读效果的决定性因素。当屏幕足够大时候，纸张阅读的效果优势可以被抹平^[10]。这跟程序员需要大屏、多屏显示器的原因是一致的^{[10][11][12][13]}:

所以，paper打印出来读效果更好的问题，很大程度上是一个关于用户体验的问题^[14]. 当你意识到需要打印出来读论文时候，实际上是你需要多买几个2K以上分辨率大屏幕显示器的时候^[15][16].

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