我们从2009年年初开始跟踪欧洲并且拟定了一连串的循序渐进的策略,对欧洲情况有一个较为深入地了解。我尽量在这里集中最为有远见的思想与分析,综合以前参加过的各个会议以及分析资料中我个人最为认可的答案。
在知乎上一共有两个问题:一个是本欧债问题,另一个是关于欧元的问题,我们把这两个问题放在一起回答。
关于欧元问题链接:
欧元危机问题出在哪里?在1996年,也是欧元区刚刚成立,UBS写过一个及其具有前瞻性并且及其聪慧的报告:
1996 UBS Redux: Who Should Have Been In The Euro?
节选如下:
it was relatively clear (in 1996) that proximity to Maastricht rules, political flexibility, and real economic prospects separated the 17 nations, leaving an at-the-time optimal five (or maybe six) nations. There are many yeah-but comments with this look-back, but for sure, it provides a quick-and-dirty view on what these countries looked like before whatever integration they have now, and maybe what they should revert to once again - it is certainly cathartic to see the peripherals already standing so far from the core.
在上面这个图表中,分为金融,经济以及政治上的三种不同类别的考虑。可以非常清楚地看到,意大利西班牙和葡萄牙在整体构架上是不平衡的,至于芬兰和爱尔兰,在某种程度上是有交集,只有同时满足三个不同构成,才能组件为中间核心架构。至于希腊和瑞典,可以清晰地看到他们所在的位置。
Back in 1996 UBS published research saying that the Euro should consist of five or six countries (Germany, Austria, the Netherlands, France, Luxembourg and, with a certain degree of charity as to the debt burden, Belgium – summarised in the Venn diagram above). What would have happened if the Euro had consisted of those countries, and no more?
The chart shows the difference in growth between the strongest and weakest Euro member (given the Euro’s current composition), alongside the difference in growth for the strongest and weakest Euro member in a perfect world (where economists decide everything). The growth differential for the Euro 17 is huge, unmanageable, and symptomatic of an entirely dysfunctional monetary union.
The growth difference for the Euro 6 (actually 5, as Luxembourg has been excluded from this analysis) is steady, modest, and entirely manageable with a single interest rate and a single exchange rate.
所以在国家的财政经济动态体系中,我们最后得出的结论是,欧元包括欧债危机是无解的。
原因按照重要程度分为不同等级,前后顺序如下:
本文仅供知乎。