我觉得书上这里想说的“非扩张环”是指“trans-cycloalkenes”TCA“反式环烯”也就是“凹进去的环烯”。所以“扩张环”应该指的是那种一般的顺式的,凸的环烯。
“十元环以内张力大,不稳定”,在国外资料里对应的说法是:
At ring sizes of 11 and 12 the trans-isomer actually becomes morestable (when allowed to equilibrate with acid) but recall that anything involving equilibrium is ultimately a measure of delta G, and delta G also includes an entropy term (S). It turns out that the main factor in the increased stability of 11- and 12- memberedtrans-cycloalkenes is their greater entropy.[1][2]
(机翻)当环的尺寸为11和12时,反式异构体实际上变得更稳定(当允许与酸平衡时),但是回想一下,任何涉及平衡的东西最终都是ΔG的量度,ΔG还包括熵项。结果表明,11元和12元环烯烃稳定性提高的主要因素是它们的熵变大。
《基础有机化学》第四版的说法是——p415的“十元以下非扩张环能量较高,不稳定”和p416的“(Z,Z)-1,3-环辛二烯是扩张环”。
扩张环更像是一个数学术语,不知道为什么用这个说法。