美国工会那可厉害了,黑白通吃……
首先美国工会没有共产党领导,美国共产党早起参与了工会的行动,但后期工会与资本家达成同盟共产党被工会踢出局。
美国工会拉拢工人加入会然后组织他们罢工进而获得与企业谈判的筹码,他们逼迫企业承诺以高昂的工资来养工人。可惜这并不是合理的涨工资,虚高的工资导致企业一直在赔钱,拒绝加薪工会就组织罢工闹事。而且他们奸的很每次只组织一个企业的罢工,企业的同行却没事,为了不让市场被同行霸占只能答应工会的要求。
看起来工会好像很好其实他们还和资本家勾结,他们保证工人会像资本家所期望的那样温顺。企业要每年给工会足够的钱,不然就组织罢工,停工就代表损失企业也无法承受这样的代价。同时工会会让会员排挤那些拒绝罢工和没参加工会的工人,工会要求企业的提拔必须从工会会员中进行选择,变相要求工人加入工会。工会每年也会收取不菲的会费。
在08年危机的时候,通用集团就面临着极为严重的财政危机,但工人们拒绝和企业站着一起,同福贵可以,共患难不可能,无奈之下通用集团宣布破产,大量工人失去工作。
美国工会与其说是为了工人牟利不如说是为自己牟利,他既剥削工人,也剥削企业,勾结政客稳固自己的位置。
欧美国家的工会早就被资本家收买了,不再代表员工利益。
欧美资本主义国家的公共部门工会势力壮大之后,已经忘记了其初心和使命,成为了改革的阻碍。在以前,欧美国家的公共部门工会的成员还不多,但在现在,他们已经成为公共部门雇员的主流。他们的影响力更为可怕,可以影响选举,可以通过罢工影响政策并争取自身利益。同时,他们的收入水平是高于劳动工人的,但他们仍然互相争斗,争取更多的预算。公共部门的工会喜欢那些追求平稳的人和保守者,不鼓励成绩卓越的人的公共部门体系或许成为阻碍体制进步的一大因素。
这里引用一篇经济学人的文章,可以了解到美国工会的情况:
If the trade unionist Jimmy Hoffa were alive today, he would probably represent civil servants. When Hoffa’s Teamsters were in their prime in 1960, only one in ten American government workers belonged to a union; now 36% do. In 2009 the number of unionists in America’s public sector passed that of their fellow members in the private sector. In Britain, more than half of public-sector workers but only about 15% of private-sector ones are unionized.
如果工会主义者吉米·霍法今天还活着,他可能会代表公务员。1960年,当霍法的卡车司机们正处于鼎盛时期时,只有十分之一的美国政府工作人员属于工会,现在有36%的人加入了工会。2009年,美国公共部门的工会成员人数超过了私营部门的其他成员。在英国,一半以上的公共部门员工加入了工会,但私营部门只有约15%的员工加入了工会。
There are three reasons for the public-sector unions’ thriving. First, they can shut things down without suffering much in the way of consequences. Second, they are mostly bright and well-educated. A quarter of America’s public-sector workers have a university degree. Third, they now dominate left-of-centre politics. Some of their ties go back a long way. Britain’s Labor Party, as its name implies, has long been associated with trade unionism. Its current leader, Ed Miliband, owes his position to votes from public-sector unions.
公共部门工会蓬勃发展有三个原因。首先,他们可以在不遭受太多后果的情况下发动罢工。第二,他们大多聪明,受过良好教育。四分之一的美国公共部门员工拥有大学学位。第三,他们现在主导了左翼政治。他们的一些领带可以追溯到很久以前。英国工党,顾名思义,长期以来一直与工会主义联系在一起。其现任领导人埃德米利班德(edmiliband)将其职位归功于公共部门工会的投票。
At the state level their influence can be even more fearsome. Mark Baldassare of the Public Policy Institute of California points out that much of the state’s budget is patrolled by unions. The teachers’ unions keep an eye on schools, the CCPOA on prisons and a variety of labor groups on health care.
在州一级,他们的影响力甚至更可怕。加州公共政策研究所的markbaldassare指出,该州的大部分预算都由工会负责。教师工会关注学校,CCPOA关注监狱,各种劳工团体关注医疗保健。
In many rich countries average wages in the state sector are higher than in the private one. But the real gains come in benefits and work practices. Politicians have repeatedly “backloaded” public-sector pay deals, keeping the pay increases modest but adding to holidays and especially pensions that are already generous.
在许多富裕国家,国营部门的平均工资高于私营部门。但真正的收获来自于福利和工作实践。政界人士一再“背负”公共部门的薪酬协议,使薪资增幅保持在适度水平,但却增加了假期,尤其是已经慷慨的养老金。
Reform has been vigorously opposed, perhaps most egregiously in education, where charter schools, academies and merit pay all faced drawn-out battles. Even though there is plenty of evidence that the quality of the teachers is the most important variable, teachers’ unions have fought against getting rid of bad ones and promoting good ones.
改革一直遭到强烈反对,也许在教育领域最为严重,特许学校、学院和绩效工资都面临着旷日持久的斗争。尽管有大量证据表明,教师的素质是最重要的变量,但教师工会一直在努力摆脱坏的,促进好的。
As the cost to everyone else has become clearer, politicians have begun to clamp down. In Wisconsin the unions have rallied thousands of supporters against Scott Walker, the hardline Republican governor. But many within the public sector suffer under the current system, too.
随着对其他人的代价变得越来越清楚,政客们已经开始取缔。在威斯康星州,工会召集了数千名支持者,反对强硬的共和党州长斯科特·沃克。但公共部门的许多人也在现行体制下受苦。
John Donahue at Harvard’s Kennedy School points out that the norms of culture in Western civil services suit those who want to stay put but is bad for high achievers. The only American public-sector workers who earn well above $250,000 a year are university sports coaches and the president of the United States. Bankers’ fat pay packets have attracted much criticism, but a public-sector system that does not reward high achievers may be a much bigger problem for America.
哈佛大学肯尼迪学院的约翰多纳休指出,西方公务员制度中的文化规范适合那些想留在原地的人,但对成绩优异的人不利。唯一年薪远高于25万美元的美国公共部门员工是大学体育教练和美国总统。银行家们丰厚的薪酬待遇引起了很多批评,但一个公共部门的体系如果不奖励高成就者,对美国来说可能是一个更大的问题。