印度还有种姓制度吗？ 第1页

我最近在知乎上看到了一个关于印度种姓制度（caste system）的问题。我去查了查。

不查不知道，一查惊天跳！

原来，这个问题根本没有什么变化。

看来，我们的邻居印度也有着根深蒂固的问题。问题的严重性不亚于我们国家一样啊。

遂翻译此文，如下：

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下面是一篇关于这件事情的报道。报道时间是2015年。但是貌似，这个制度依旧非常的严重。

原文作者：Mari Marcel Thekaekara

翻译一部分：

India’s caste system is alive and kicking – and maiming and killing

印度的种姓制度依然活生生的，并且正在引起伤害和杀戮

It’s 15 August 2016, and in India we’re celebrating the 70th anniversary of our independence. Flags wave. There’s the usual huge Independence Day parade in the capital.

这是2016年8月15日，在印度，我们正在庆祝我们独立70周年。旌旗飞扬。在首都还会有更加大型独立日游行。

But the celebrations bring out both pride and anguish. All of us imbibed the “freedom struggle” stories as children. We were taught to be proud of our country’s prolonged battle against colonialism, of the martyrs who gave their blood for India. We showed the world how to shed the shackles of imperialism. And we spread the doctrine of non-violence at a time when it seemed an impossible dream. What’s not to be proud of?

但庆祝活动将骄傲和痛苦两种滋味都扯了出来。当我们还是孩童的时候，我们所有人被灌输了一些关于“自由斗争”故事。我们被教导为国家对殖民主义的长期斗争感到骄傲，以及为印度抛头颅洒热血的殉道者感到自豪。我们向世界展示了我们是如何摆脱帝国主义的束缚的。我们向世界传播了当时看似不可能实现的非暴力不抵抗学说。是啊，还有什么能阻止我们感到骄傲呢？

But for those who work with our poorest, most marginalised groups, to ask some loaded questions is almost mandatory. What does freedom mean? Free to be mercilessly thrashed for doing a job thrust forcibly on you, such as skinning dead cows, your destiny because that’s the caste you were born into? “It’s our curse,” dalits have said to me.

但对于那些最贫困，最边缘化群体的人来说，我们的这些所谓的骄傲确实仍旧必须受到质疑。自由到底是什么？自由难道是你必须去做一份被恶狠狠的强加与你的工作，例如去剥死牛的牛皮？难道拥有这样的命运仅仅是因为我们从娘胎里出来被赋予的种姓？ “这个制度是赋予我们的诅咒，”达利特对我说。

As I write this, the dalits (India’s most oppressed group, our “untouchables”) are doing a special “freedom” march to Una, a small town in Gujarat where last month four young men were brutally beaten up with iron rods by a mob of cow vigilantes for skinning dead cows. These young men are from the “chamar” or leather tanning caste. Even now, if ordered to move a carcass – and that means any dead animal ranging from cows to goats to dogs or cats – they are compelled by societal norms to do so, regardless of whether they’ve earned a doctorate in economics or history. The unwritten rule: once a chamar, always a chamar. Yes, we’ve come a long way economically, but our feudal system is alive and well. And not just kicking. It’s maiming, raping and killing, too.

在我写这篇文章时，达利特（印度最受压迫的团体，我们的“贱民”）正在向古吉拉特邦的一个小镇Una进行特别的“自由”游行。上个月，在古吉拉特邦， 四名年轻人被一群负责牛的管理和治安的暴徒用铁棒残忍的殴打，原因是他们在剥死牛的牛皮。这些年轻人来自“chamar”（他们是负责皮革鞣制的种姓）。即使是现在，如果被命令移动动物的尸体 - 任何死牛，死羊，再到死狗或死猫 - 他们都得去做。因为所谓的社会准则强迫他们去做，无论他们是否甚至已经获得了经济学或历史学博士学位。有个不成文的规定：一朝是一贱民(chamar)，永生是贱民（chamar）。没错，我们的经济已经发展了很久了，但我们的封建制度还活着，而且还活的很好。它不只是在踢我们的人民，他是在伤害，强奸和杀戮我们的人民。

(备注：Chamar is one of the native communities of India which after Independence has been categorized under Scheduled Castes. This is also one of the many marginalized communities who were treated as "untouchables" and were denied basic human rights under the infamous Caste-System (Varna-Vyavastha) of Hindu Brahmans.

Chamar是印度的原住民社区之一，在独立之后被归类为预定种姓。他们被视为“贱民”的许多边缘化社区之一，在印度教婆罗门的臭名昭着的种姓制度（瓦尔纳 - 维瓦斯塔哈）下被剥夺了基本人权。备注完毕）

As millions of Indians celebrate Independence Day, the Times of India rana story about Ovindra Pal, a dalit man who despite having a master’s in history, was forced to work in his father’s trade, skinning bovine carcasses. Understandably, Pal is bitter, as are thousands of dalits who have painstakingly inched up the education ladder but still can’t find a job commensurate with their skills and qualifications.

当数百万印度人在庆祝独立日之时，印度泰晤士报报道了一则关于Ovindra Pal的故事。故事的主人翁叫做Ovindra Pal，尽管他是一名拥有历史硕士学位的人，但是因为他出生贱民，却被迫在父亲的交易中工作，剥掉了死牛的皮。可以理解的是，帕尔是痛苦的。成千上万的贱民（因为种姓制度）苦苦挣扎，以接受更多的教育，但事后仍然找不到与他们的技能和资格相称的工作。

All Indians, whether Christian, Muslim, Parsi, Buddhist, Jain or Hindu, carry some vestiges of the caste system in them. Caste and casteism have been carried to every corner of the globe to which the Indian diaspora migrated. Our caste prejudices manifest themselves most clearly in the matrimonial newspaper columns, where prospective brides and grooms of all religions are sought for traditional marriage alliances. Caste and skin colour are the most important criteria for admitting a strange woman into that most intimate circle, the home and the family. The woman who will bring forth children to perpetuate the line must almost always be fair-skinned and of the same caste. The exceptions to this rule are very rare.

所有印度人，无论是基督徒，穆斯林，帕西人，佛教徒，耆那教徒还是印度教徒，都带有一些种姓制度的遗迹。种姓和种姓主义已经传播到印度侨民迁徙（移民）到的全球各个角落。我们的种姓偏见在婚姻报纸专栏中最清楚地表现出来，在这些专栏中，所有宗教的未来新娘和新郎都寻求传统的婚姻联盟。种姓和肤色是让一个陌生女人进入最亲密的社会圈子，家庭和家族的最重要准绳。负责延续香火的女人们几乎总是被要求具有美丽的皮肤，与不变的种姓。几乎没有人能突破这条规则。

My plea this Independence Day is very basic, and echoes that of the marchers in Gujarat for justice and equality. I don’t care if people continue to choose whom they eat with or to whom they marry their daughters and sons. Change, after all, comes slowly. But we do need to stop the prevailing culture of total impunity which allows murderers and rapists of our nation’s poorest people to flaunt their crimes, knowing they can get away with anything.

我对于这个独立日的愿景是非常简单的，我的愿望和期许与古吉拉特邦的游行者的正义和平等交相呼应。我不在乎人们愿意和谁坐在一起吃饭，或者愿意让自己的下一代与谁婚配。毕竟，改变是需要时间的。但我们迫切需要制止社会上弥漫着的那种有罪不罚的文化。在这种文化里，那些杀人犯和强奸犯肆意妄为的谋害我们国家最贫穷的人民，而且还炫耀自己的罪行，因为他们知道他们可以逃脱任何形式的责任和惩罚。

In India, justice for the poor and powerless is the exception rather than the rule. Our much maligned media cry themselves hoarse, but the powerful continue to strut around their crime scenes protected by politicians and corrupt bureaucrats.

在印度，对于穷人和无能为力的人来说，正义之于他们根本就是例外，而不是基本的社会规则。我们备受诟病的媒体保持沉默，那些拥有权力的人继续在他们的犯罪现场肆无忌惮的狂舞，因为他们有政治人物和腐败的官僚的庇护。

For how many centuries more will we continue to allow heinous caste crimes to go unpunished? It makes a mockery of everything our freedom fighters died for.

我们还要容忍多少个世纪，以让这些让令人发指的、因种姓制度而促成的罪行逍遥法外？它无情的嘲弄了我们的那些自由战士为之献身而换来的一切。 Must dalits fight alone? Or can decent Indians stand with them? Our more enlightened business leaders, socially conscious Bollywood actors, and our few decent politicians should organise a different freedom celebration. We can and must begin a campaign against casteism. Only then, when the medieval practice of untouchability and caste is honestly a thing of the past, can we truly celebrate India’s freedom.

难道贱民们必须独自战斗吗？又或者那些过的体面的印度人会和他们站在一起吗？我们更开明的商业领袖，具有社会意识的宝莱坞演员，以及我们少数开明的政治家应该组织一次与众不同的宣誓自由的庆祝活动。我们可以而且必须开始反对种姓主义的运动。只有到那时，当始于中世纪的贱民和种姓制度真的成为过去的时候，我们才能真正意义上的庆祝印度的自由。

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老祖宗说，王侯将相，宁有种乎？突然很喜欢老祖宗。突然很感激第一个说出这种话的老祖宗！